Retinal detachment
Detachment of the retina
Retinal detachment in Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
The detachment of the retina (retina ablatio) is a dangerous disease of the eye that occurs following the lifting of the neuroretina pigmented epithelium. The neuroretina (constituted by the photoreceptor and all nerve cells that allow for the transmission of visual signal) adheres to the layer of the pigmented epithelium, which allows the passage of materials of nourishment from the underlying choroid and degradation of the external elements of the photoreceptors.
The traction forces of the vitreous body on the retina (in particular in correspondence of the zones of less resistance-areas degenerative regmatogene) cause of breakages; therefore accumulates the liquid below the neuroretina, which raises pigmented epithelium.
Depending on the pathogenesis, if they are different types:
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (broken by vitreoretinal traction)
Retinal detachment post-traumatic
Tractional retinal detachment (proliferative diabetic retinopathy)
Retinal detachment secondary (from serous subretinal lesion)
If the retina, with its nerve cells and its photoreceptors, is no longer nourished by contact with the pigment epithelium, it comes already after 48 hours at a functional loss (partially irreparable) of the portions affected. The retina can be reattached to the epithelium by a surgical operation. The vision of the retina involved can improve; but the time of posting should not be excessive (the retinal tissue should not be gone to meet necrosis ie cell death). Unless we refer to operations will be billed in total detachment, and thus in blindness; you can use a special laser only if diagnosed early (treatment with argon laser).
In the long term, if we do not work as a result of retinal detachment, takes over the risk of Phthisis bulbi and, therefore, loss of the eye.
The early warning signs are the appearance of flashes of light (traction of the vitreous body) and "vision of flying bodies - floaters" in excess (due to the disorganization of the vitreous gel that is detached from the wall eye, but it is absolutely physiological appear not too high a number of so-called "floaters" in healthy people).
A retinal detachment advanced is manifested by a restriction of the field of view similar to that of a curtain and, in the case of retinal detachment of the macula, also in a loss of fulminant reading ability of the eye involved (in this case we lose the vision central).
prevention
The only truly effective form of prevention is, of course, a regular eye examination for the detection and follow-up of degenerative regmatogene areas that are, in some cases, treated with laser photocoagulation. Eye doctors recommend at-risk groups (high myopia, flashes of light or vision with "floaters") to avoid activities that involve trauma or sudden movements of the head and eye.